Alcohol - Drug interactions

More presentations from Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen

·Alcohol interacts with many drugs by both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics mechanisms.

·Concomitant administration of Cycloserine and Alcohol is contraindicated due to increased risk of seizures.

·Disulfiram and alcohol (found in foods, medications, aftershaves, perfumes, and other products) use is contraindicated because of alcohol intolerance.

·Alcohol ingestion is contraindicated, while the patients are on the medications like Furazolidone and Metronidazole, due to Disulfiram-like reactions (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches and flushing).

·Alcohol use within 6 hours before or after the administration of Topiramate extended-release capsules is contraindicated due to erratic topiramate plasma concentrations.

·Concomitant use of Alcohol and Comfrey is contraindicated due to increased risk of liver damage.

· The risk of hepatotoxicity is increased by the administration of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in ingested patients.

·Enhanced CNS depression and impairment of motor skills have been observed in patients taking antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine, Desipramine, Trimipramine, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Venlafaxine, Desvenlafaxine) and alcohol together.

·Co-administration of CNS Depressants (Benzodiazepines(Clonazepam, Midazolam, Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam),Barbiturates (Amobarbital, Aprobarbital, Mephobarbital, Pentopbarbital, Phenobarbital) and alcohol may result into increased sedation.

·Increased CNS depression is expected with concomitant administration of alcohol and Phenothiazines (Fluphenazine, Prochlorperazine, Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine, Triflupromazine) and Opioids (Morphine, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone).

·Due to the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme by drugs like Cephalosporins (Cefamandole, Cefmenoxime, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan and Moxalactam), Sulfonylureas Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glyburide, Tolazamide and Tolbutamide), Griseofulvin, ketoconazole, Isoniazid, Isotretinoin, Procarbazine, Tinidazole, Tolazoline and Trimethoprim, disulfiram-like reactions  (Facial flushing, Tachycardia, Increased blood pressure, and a feeling of severe intoxication) are expected with alcohol ingestion.

·The duration of Teratogenic risk of Acitretin is increased by alcohol consumption.

·The hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas (Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glyburide, Tolazamide and Tolbutamide), is prolonged by alcohol ingestion.

·Alcohol potentiates the bleeding time prolongation and gastrointestinal irritation caused by Aspirin.

·In summary, Adverse drug interactions of Alcohol causes mainly

v Disulfiram like reactions (Occur with Furazolidone, Metronidazole, Cephalosporins, Sulfonylureas, Griseofulvin, ketoconazole, Isoniazid, Isotretinoin, Procarbazine, Tinidazole, Tolazoline and Trimethoprim)

v Enhanced CNS depression (Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Phenothiazines and Opioids)

v Increased risk of Hepatotoxicity(Acetaminophen, Methotrexate, Milnacipran, Trabectedin, Comfrey, Chaparral, Germander and Pennyroyal)

v Increased risk of seizures (Cycloserine and Bupropion)

·As the alcohol consumption is involved in many adverse drug interactions, patients should be advised to avoid alcohol.